Learning and perception Essay Example for Free

Learning and scholarship EssayLearning and perception can be related regarding the stunning abilities of the human mind to understand, calculate, and assign learning experiences to our sensory motors. For instance, a child will stay away from a stove if he/she is burned by an eye. At this typical age, a child is unsuspecting of the concept of heat or hot but they can register thousands of experiences through their use of touch. In perceptional learning, human instincts are the accomplices in discovering new and provoke experiences through sensory (Freeman, 1991). According to Freeman (1991), learning has an impact on our ability to perceive experiences accurately. As an example, a child that views domestic violence on a daily basis may assume it is natural. This child could develop an ineffective sensory to pain by observing and experiencing it from a violent adult. In turn, the child may develop an innocent perception that pain is pit to normal. His or her learning of domes tic violence is different from others so his or her perception of violence may not affect their judgment during a violent occurrence with others (Perception, 2006).Another obvious connection of learning and perception is the humans ability to adjust oneself to the visual make up of others in a social surrounding. Debutants contribute to the development of young women and men. Their intentions are to teach social etiquette for graceful associations mainly available in higher social classes. For instance, a debutant from a wealthy family may see a debutant from an underprivileged home as an equal if financial status was not a factor. The visual perception of the reality is seen only superficially.As the learning of the financial status of both debutants are known, the visualise might change ones perception of the underprivileged Debutant. The relationship between perception and learning is evident in every day conduct in which people learn of their surroundings and act accordingly (Freeman, 1991).Works Cited Freeman, Walter J. The Physiology of Perception Scientific American, Vol. 264 (2) 78-85. Perception. Accessed on December 15, 2008 at http//www. a2zpsychology. com/PSYCHOLOGY_GUIDE/Perception. htm.

Prigogine Investigation Essay Example for Free

Prigogine Investigation EssayThe origination and growth of living organisms is considered by many scientists, due to familiar constabularys of nature, especially the piece law of thermodynamics. In this paper this idea is explored, taking in account the dissipative structures and Prigogines thermodynamics. Introduction The use of thermodynamics in biology has a long tarradiddle rich in confusion (Morowitz, 92) (Klyce, Brigg, http//www. panspermia. org/seconlaw. htm) The sanction law of thermodynamics was discovered by Clausius, who coined the term Entropy, which is usually defined as the degree of disorder. In the most general sense, Evolution of life means, growing in ordered combinations from cells, to tissues and organs, to plants and animals, families, communities, and eco brass. It jakes be seen that these two terms maturation and entropy express totally contradictory concepts. concord to second law, Entropy of a closed system fecal matter never decrease, i. e. dSV ? 0 (Gibbs, 1928). But, in case of evolution, the living systems increasingly go on to interlocking state of more order, suggesting that entropy in this closed system has decreased.This is the paradox that has baffled some(prenominal) biologists and physicists alike. Hence, an initial theory which both physicists and biologists agreed upon was life violates the second law of thermodynamics. Evolution of life and Entropy The contradiction can however be explained, by subscribing to one of the two very different schools of thought. Either we can accept that the order that is seen in the evolution and growth biological systems is maintained at the expense of thermodynamic order.That is to say, sustenance in the form of external cypher is always provided to the organism from external environment and entropy of this larger system is increasing. Hence, living beings attract negative entropy, in order to compensate for this increase in the entropy, which explains the order. This concep t was formed by Schrodinger. There is another explanation, which was proposed by Prof. Ilya Prigogine. According to him, the living organisms work out as dissipative structures, i. e. thermodynamically open systems operating in non-equilibrium environment.These grow the capacity for self-organization in the face of environmental fluctuations. In other words, they maintain their structure by continuously dissipating energy. Such dissipative structures are permanently in states of non-equilibrium. Ds/dt 0 away from steady state Ds/dt = 0 steady state (Prigogine, 1977) In this case, equilibrium is the state of maximum entropy. A system that is not in equilibrium exhibits a variation of entropy, which is the sum of the variations of entropy due to the internal source of entropy, plus the variation of entropy due to the interaction with the external world.The former is positive, but the latter can be negative. Therefore, total entropy of the system can decrease. Life according to thi s theory can because be summarized as An organism lives because it absorbs energy from the external world and processes it to generate an internal state of lower entropy. It can live as long as it can avoid falling in the equilibrium state. According to the second law, only irreversible processes contribute to entropy production.This means the existence of a function in an isolated system which can only increase in time. It follows that the positive time direction is associated with entropy (Prigogine, 1977). Now, biological evolution is hierarchical and can be considered as an irreversible process of the variation of life with respect to the evolutionary time scale. The Law of Temporal Hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasi-closed thermodynamic systems and subsystems inside open biological systems (Gladyshev, 2003).This facilitates the study of individual development (ontogenesis) and evolution (phylogenesis) of these subsystems. For instance, it is seen that the specific Gibbs function for the formation of supramolecular structures of biological tissues, G tends towards its minimum in the course of both ontogenesis and phylogenesis. (Gladyshev, 2005) The above model implies that, the mean flow of matter is quasi-stationary and the nature of incoming matter to the system remains practically unchanged.In other words, the supramolecular figure (structure) of the organism evolves against the background of the incoming flow of chemical substances of practically constant composition. This principle of the stability of chemical substances is a thermodynamic principle. Accordingly, the tendency of biological systems during evolution to generate relatively highly stable structures of higher hierarchies leads to the selection of relatively less stable structures of lower hierarchies.This rejuvenates the lower hierarchical structures and causes nearly unbounded evolution of the biological world. (Gladyshev, 2005) Conclusion The findings of hierarchical therm odynamics, specifically supramolecular thermodynamics of quasi-closed systems, confirm the thermodynamic tendency of biological evolution. Additional experiments could refine this model and further verify that second law can be applied in its classical definition to explain the origin and evolution of lifeReferences1. Gladyshev, Georgi P. What is Life- A physical chemists point of view, 12th Dec. 2005 http//www.panspermia.org/seconlaw.htm

Related Texts Growing Up Essay Example for Free

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How Important Is Energy Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

How Important Is Energy Sustainability Environmental Sciences EssayThesis statement With non renewable resources of capability being consumed at a very rapid rate, sustainability of qualification has become the need of the hour. In the current context of meeting the global energy demands atomic energy meets all(prenominal) reasonable criterion for sustainability.The increase in the c at oncerns about the harmful side-effects of global warming, coupled with a faster dwindling of the conventional sources of energy, have led to a renewed interest in nuclear energy. After the Cold War, nuclear energy development was largely forgotten for m any years until this renewed go for among developed nations for the availability of alternative energy sources to meet their ever increasing energy demands. With the prices of oil and global warming concerns rising steadily, the clean- keen properties of nuclear function atomic number 18 becoming much more attractive. atomic energy is viewed as an ideal replacement for the non renewable sources of energy for the four following principal(prenominal) reasons. Firstly Nuclear energy produces the around energy than any non-renewable resource. Secondly high reserves of uracil argon found on earth which is the raw material for nuclear reactors. Thirdly there is no release of greenho handling gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons during a nuclear reaction. Finally the amount of waste produced is the least of any major energy production process. Although there are various risks involved when using nuclear energy, I will argue that nuclear energy is the best source of energy to replace oil and too I will argue that nuclear energy wastes are treatable, can be recycled and possess no threat to mankind.Of the various advantages of nuclear energy, its efficiency is by far the most important. One of the major criterions that determine an efficient source of energy is the amount of energy it produces and how it impacts the environment. It is a basic energy fact that the fission of an atom of uranium produces 10 million times the energy from an atom of carbon than does coal. Nuclear energy extracts by far more energy from the natural resource Uranium than does the exploitation of oil or any other natural resource. In fifties Dr. M. Hubbard, Geologist at Shell, said that US Oil would peak in 10 to 15 years. He was laughed at and in the 1970s we ran out of Oil. His statement was base on a Discovery Bell Curve which said oil production continues to go up even after the oil discoverys drop cancelled and that the rate that we run out of oil can be measured on the lack of new discoveries. Heres a quote from NEIs website Nuclear plants are the lowest- terms manufacturer of baseload electricity. The average production cost of 1.87 cents per kilowatt-hour includes the costs of operating and maintaining the plant, purchasing fuel and paying for the management of used fuel. These facts pr ove nuclear energy as the most efficient form of energy over its competitors, including oil, coal, wind, hydroelectric, and near-term solar power.Many people are of the opinion that uranium is a rare metal, precisely its about as common as copper or tin and 40 times more common than silver. Uranium, the chief source of nuclear fuel, is vastly abundant, which makes this resource quasi(prenominal) to other renewable resources. As per the NEAs (Nuclear Energy Agency) findings, uranium resources of derive 5.5 million metric long tons and an additional 10.5 million metric tons remain undiscovered-a rough 230-year supply at todays consumption rate in total. Bernard Cohens, Professor of Physics at Pittsburgh University, 5 billion year estimate is based on extracting uranium from seawater, which the Japanese have already shown to work. Cohen calculated that we could take 16,000 tons per year of uranium from seawater, which would supply 25 times the worlds present electricity usage and doubly the worlds present total energy consumption. He argued that given the geological cycles of erosion, subduction and uplift, the supply would last for 5 billion years with a withdrawal rate of 6,500 ton per year. His comments support the fact that uranium is a renewable resource of energy.Among the many benefits of nuclear power, the main advantage of nuclear power over other methods is that it is a clean way to produce energy as it does not result in the emission of any of the poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. With the pollution levels in the atmosphere greatly affecting the general climatic conditions, nuclear energy is definitely a preferable option when compared to burning of fossil fuels (Dujardin 2007). Production of nuclear energy doesnt contribute to emission of green house gases as it does in the case of fossil fuels. Also, going by the shocking rate at which the fossil fuels are burned, it is predicted that, the coal and oil de posits across the world are expected to deplete by end of this century. Uranium deposits, on the other hand are here to remain for a long time, and even if they get depleted, alternative sources in form of plutonium and thorium also exist.Nuclear energy is also considered to be renewable depending on the type of reactor that is being used. A special type of reactor design called a breeder reactor can create or refine radioactive elements as a part of its functioning (Young, 1998). There are breeder designs that, once operating, can refine uranium, turning even natural uranium into fuel-grade uranium that can be used by other standard reactors. Some breeder designs create plutonium as a byproduct, which can be used for either power generation or in nuclear weapons. Currently, there are 442 reactors operating in the world, 130 of which are in the United States. Another 12 are being built in foreign countries. With the current technology, solo 1% of the energy available in uranium is able to be captured by thermal reactors. This energy makes up between 11% and 18% of the total energy available in the world. Developing technologies that would allow us to capture more of this available energy is at least 15 years away, but with incentives, these advances could be a realistic part of our future. The potential is not the only part of the advantages of nuclear energy.Nuclear energy has another advantage in that it is comparatively inexpensive to produce when compared to conventional methods of energy production. Uranium is reasonably cheap to mine, and easy to transport to reactors around the globe, making nuclear energy. While the cost of producing other forms of energy has risen steadily over the last 26 years, the cost of producing nuclear energy has dropped, over the same period of time, with an average finished cost between 3 and 5 cents per kilowatt (Makhijani Saleska, 1999). The potential is not the only part of the advantages of nuclear energy. Regardless of the various definitions of renewable, nuclear power therefore meets every reasonable criterion for sustainability, which is the prime concern.Both, the disadvantages and advantages of nuclear power plants have to be taken into consideration when determining whether this source of energy is efficient for development of power or not. While the critics of nuclear energy have been citing the various nuclear power plant disasters that have occurred in the past as one of the main reason for refraining from use of nuclear energy, its proponents are confident that it has the ability to sustain the energy requirements of the entire world, in a safe manner. Overall, however, I believe that the use of nuclear energy greatly outweighs any other sources of energy.

Structuralism And Edward Titchener Psychology Essay

Structuralism And Edward Titchener Psychology EssayEdward Titchener was a famous psychologist who was born in Chichester, England in 1867. He studied physiology, classics, and philosophy at Malvern College and Oxford University before pursuing his doctorate degree in clinical psychological science at the University of Leipzig (King, Viney, Woody, 2009). succession at the University of Leipzig, Titchener studied under Wilhelm Wundt, a psychologist who is known as the father of experi psychological psychology (Schultz Schultz, 2011). After Titchener completed his doctoral degree in Germany, he attempted to obtain a job in England, alone was not successful in doing so. He ended up earning a job at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York as a professor of psychology. At the age of 28, Titchener earned the title of full professor at Cornell (King et al., 2009).While at Cornell, Titchener published eight books, over 60 articles, and translated much of Wundts work into position (Schult z Schultz, 2011). As the head of one of the most rigorous doctoral program in the United States, he supervised over 50 students in the clinical psychology program at Cornell (King et al., 2009). Titcheners first student who graduated was Margargont Floy Washburn, who later became famous for her work in comparative psychology, which is the study of kind-hearted behavior in relation to animals and an opposite(prenominal) species (King et al., 2009). In a time period when most schools would not accept women into their programs, Titchener had 19 women graduate under his supervision. This was the most of any other male psychologist in his generation (Hergenhahn, 2008).Titchener structured the doctoral program at Cornell based on the German model, which included an intense mixture of lab look for and independent work. While his students worked independently, he was heavily involved in helping them out with their research. Titchener was described as having a powerful personality, a str ong character, and a paternalistic way with his students (King et al., 2009).Wundt and Titchener both believed in using introspection to discover the psychical elements of human fellowship. Both of these scientists also believed that constituteing and classifying sensations and feelings were an essential part of understanding the human experience (Chung Hyland, 2012). However, Titchener felt images were a category of mental elements, and Wundt did not. Both Wundt and Titchener used an experimental approach in their work. However, Wundt believed that psychology after partnot only be studied as an experimental science. He felt that psychology should also be studied through historical analyses and naturalistic observation (Chung Hyland, 2012). In addition, Wundt believed that the methods used to study psychology could be utilized to describe social customs, religion, myths, morals, art, law, and language (King et al., 2009). Titcheners view was more than rigid in that he only be lieved that psychology could be studied in the laboratory through evidence-based methods. Another difference between Titchener and Wundt was that Wundt believed that physical events could be explained by antecedent events, and that higher psychological processes could not be studied in the laboratory (Schultz Schultz, 2011). Titchener only studied psychology through introspection, focusing on internal processes (Hergenhahn, 2008).Titcheners goal for psychology was to make it an accepted science, assort in the comparable category as physics and chemistry (King et al., 2009). He firmly believed that psychology should be studied in a laboratory, and that studying psychology was no contrasting than studying physics, chemistry, and other hard sciences. Titcheners view on psychology was called Structuralism. He believed that human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors could be charted on a table as elements are on the periodic table. Titcheners view was reductionistic in that he did not f eel it was important to understand how the separate of the mind worked together as a whole, yet scantily the individual parts themselves. He felt that if each part could be understood then all one would need to do is to learn how these parts interact to conclude in a thought or behavior.Structuralism had five main goals for psychology 1) to study it using specific methods, 2) to provide more definitions in the field of psychology, 3) to use it to make assumptions closely more general philosophical issues, 4) to make connections between the physical sciences and psychology, and 5) to prove that psychology should be in the same category as the hard sciences.Titchener believed that all science begins with experience, and that without this, there could be no cognition or knowledge. He felt that experiences could shit dissimilar points of view depending on the person who is experiencing the situation. Titchener believed that the main difference between the accepted physical sciences and psychology was that psychological experience was dependent on human judgment, and the other physical sciences were not dependent on human experience.While Titchener had many goals for psychology, he identified the current problems with psychology, and why it was not an accepted science. Titchener believed that the basic elements of experience needed to be identified and categorized. Next, understanding how each element interacts with another was essential to understanding human experience. Finally, causal relations between experiences needed to be identified. Titchener believed that the method of studying psychology was not polar than any other science. While hard scientists used inspection to make many of their observations, Titchener called the observation by psychologists introspection. While many criticized introspection due to its subjective nature, Titchener firmly believed introspection could be objective if individuals were formally trained in the practice. Introspect ion was a scientific form of observation in Titcheners eyes. According to Titchener, observation is considered scientific if it has three properties 1) one can isolate the experience, 2) the experience can be varied, and 3) the experience can be repeated.Titchener believed that the senses were the key access points to the mind. One of his specific goals was to identify mental elements connected to each sense. After he identified each element, Titchener wanted to categorize the elements. The three mental elements that Titchener identified were 1) affections, which were emotions, 2) images, which were ideas, memories, and thoughts, and 3) sensation, which related to to perception. He believed that all sensations had four characteristics 1) quality, which was the main descriptor, 2) intensity, which was the strength or amount, 3) clearness, which was how clearly the sensation could be identified, and 4) duration, which was the duration of the sensation. The mental elements could have more than these four characteristics, but all had these. The only mental element that did not have all four was affections because Titchener did not believe that emotions were apparent or easy to identify. Titchener had a unique view on the mind and body relationship.Titchener believed that the mind and body influence each other, but that they were two different views of the same experience. According to him, the mind and body were parallel and never physically interacted, but one could influence the other. Some historians classified Titchener as a psychophysical parallelist, but this was controversial. This may have been thought to be controversial because s true parallelist would never say that the mind and body could influence one another in any way. Another unique aspect to Titcheners opinion on the mind and body relationship was that he did not believe in commonsense interactionism. This was potential due to his empiricist nature that everything had to be objectively studied i n a lab setting. Titchener influenced many aspects of psychology that are important today.The first area of psychology that Titchener was interested in was attention. He separated attention into two categories primary and secondary. Primary attention was passive and involuntary. It was influenced by intense stimuli, and thought to be related to novel and sudden stimuli. According to Titchener, secondary attention was active and voluntary. This involved attention under situations in which one needs to actively concentrate when distractors are in the environment. Titchener felt that this was related to advanced stages of development, and that infants were not capable of secondary attention. Another area of psychology that Titchener was interested in was intimacys.Titchener wanted to analyze how the mental elements of human experience interact therefore, understanding associations was important to him. Titchener appreciated how philosophers such as Aristotle, Hobbes, and Bain placed a large emphasis on association. Titchener proposed that all association can be broken down to the law of contiguity. He felt that every law of association involved contiguity. Titchener also believed that emotions do not hoyden an important part in association. Titchener stated, feelings only play a role by virtue of their sensory and imaginal components, and not their affective character (Cite). Titchener thought passing of Ebbinghauss work with nonsense syllables in regard to understanding association, but he felt that Ebbinghaus was missing an important component, intrinsic meaning. Titchener believed that personal impressions and associative processes operate together, and they cannot be separated. Titchener understood that intrinsic processes in humans are important, and cannot be left out when studying association. A third area of psychology that Titchener studied was meaning.Titchener believed that meaning, from a psychological perspective, had everything to do with context . In his opinion, meaning was a combination of the laws of attention and the laws of the connection of sensations. Titchener believed that everything humans see and experience had a context and a background. He understood that when individuals process things, memories of their past experiences play a large role in how they interpret what they experience. Titchener felt that the context of a situation or object was the psychological equivalent of its actual meaning. Interestingly, he noted that humans frequently had difficulty in identifying their own contexts when doing introspection. Emotion was another area that Titchener was interested in studying.In the area of emotion, Titchener had a problem with the James-Lange theory, which states that humans experience emotions based on how the body behaves. For example, when we see a bear, we run, and then become afraid. There were a number of reasons why Titchener had a problem with this theory. First, he believed it was not a novel theor y, in that Descarte and Spinoza discussed physical origins of emotions. Next, Titchener felt that there were specific flaws in this theory. He argued that physical changes in the body may look exactly the same for different emotions. For example, when somebody is crying, it could be tears of joy as unconnected to tears of despair. In addition, Titchener felt that bodily sensations were too simple of an explanation for emotions, which are complicated and not easily defined. He wrote in detail about how difficult categorizing emotions was, and stated that most theorists that attempt to understand and classify emotions do it subjectively, and their theories are not scientific.Toward the end of Titcheners career, he became frustrated with his inability to identify and determine all of the mental processes in human experience. Instead of having three main elements (Images, sensation, and affections), he proposed that affect was simply a byproduct of sensations images and sensations. Sp ecifically, Titchener believed that affect may have been a form of sensation on a spectrum from pleasant to unpleasant. In addition, he proposed that images may have been a type of sensation. Titchener separated himself from trying to identify and classify all mental processes, and grew to feel that human experience was more abstract and on a spectrum. Titcheners Structuralism eventually was overtaken by behaviorism for a number of reasons.It was hard to defend introspection as an objective, scientific method. It was thought that individuals may not accurately report what they feel and experience. Next, structuralism placed no weight on psychological development, personality, abnormal behavior, learning, individual differences, evolution, and practicality. Behaviorism focused on what could be observed, and the relationship between external events and behavior. This lead to a dandy understanding in learning, performance, and the origin of behaviors. Most importantly, the methods of behaviorism were practical, quantifiable, measurable, classifying them as credibly scientific. Behaviorists criticized Structuralists for focusing too much on the internal, which cannot be observed. Behaviorists the studied cause and establish of behavior focusing on external events in the environment. This was more practical and effective than methods such as introspection.While Titcheners structuralism was too rigid to survive, it paved an important path in the field of psychology for its future. He was the first to fight a fight that has gone on for years, making psychology classified as a true, empirically-based science. Titchener also touched on areas in psychology that are crucial in the field today such as attention, association, meaning, and emotion. While he was not never able to create a periodic table of the mental elements of experience, his empirically-based methods are used today in many areas of psychology.

Adolescence in Romeo and Juliet

Adolescence in Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet is a famous mutant written by Shakespe atomic number 18 during the beforehand(predicate) Modern period with the tragic terminusing among two star-crossed heatrs. The love story between Romeo and Juliet arise the sympathy from the audience. It is impossible for Romeo and Juliet to stay together receivable to the fight between the Montagues and the Capulets. Juliet is led to devastation because she is forced to get married to Paris who she does no love. She commits suicide with desperation under the patriarchal family. However, Marjorie Kolb be claimed that the tragedy and ending of Romeo and Juliet are due to the effect of adolescence, Romeo and Juliet fall in love instinctively without consideration of consequences as well as the lack of parenthood during the adolescence.There are several scenes in the play describing the fight on the street in Verona. Romeo, Benvolio and Mercutio are three adolescents who are easy to be imp ulsive. The Montagues and the Capulets start to fight due to the provocation. After Mercutio died, Romeo kills Tybalt as the revenge. Adolescents advocate violence rather than peace to solve the conflict. It is an immature way to solve the conflict and argument by adolescents. Violence is an tax return among adolescents. They ignore consequences, social rules and laws to fight in the public space (Cox, 1967). The consequence is both Mercutio and Tybalt died in the fighting. Romeo is banished from Verona because he disobeys the law. Characters in the play pay the price for their impulsive fighting. Their impulsive behaviours lead to more tragedies.Another feature for adolescents is love. Adolescents are curious about love and sex. Boys and girls are easily attracted to each other. Romeo and Juliet fall in love at first sight. Romeo forgets Rosaline immediately. Juliet is also a young girl at the age that expects love. They fall in love impulsively and get married on the QT in a ver y short time, in which is hard to know each other well. Adolescents are at the age that wants to be independent and look at the desire for the opposite sex. They want to be independent of their families and parents. They spend more times with peers than parents (Cox, 1967). The power of love among two young adolescents makes Juliet refuse the arranged man and wife and commit suicide due to the immature love.Adolescents are rebellious, and they are less immature than adults. Therefore, parents play important roles to guide and protect their children. Both Romeo and Juliet are a lack of parenthood that has weak relationships with their parents. They do not get support and understandings from their families (Cox, 1967). When Romeo feels painful towards Rosaline, he would rather find his friends and Friar Laurence rather than his father. He asks for facilitate from Friar Laurence to hold a wedding. Friar Laurence is more like Romeos father, and he understands Romeos emotions. Friar L aurence is a reliable person for Romeo when he feels desperate. Montague knows nothing about Juliet until the end of the play. There is a gap between Montague and Romeo.There are not too many scenes about Lady Capulet as well. Lady Capulet follows her husband to lay down the wedding for Juliet and Paris regardless of Juliets intentions. When Juliet shows her attitudes towards the marriage, Lady Capulet ignores Juliet and refuses to talk to her. Juliet would rather share her secrets with the Nurse rather than Lady Capulet. As Cox argued, Juliet is not close to her mother. Juliet does not feel the love from her mother when she is desperate. Lady Capulet is absent when Juliet needs her. She ignores Juliets emotions towards the marriage no matter how Juliet is begging. The un patronage from Lady Capulet and cold mother-daughter relationship leads the suicide. It is obvious that Romeo is approximate to Friar Lawrence and Juliet is closer to the Nurse than their biological parents. Adol escents are sensitive, in which they need more concerns from their parents. Parents should protect their children falling into a wrong path. Montague and Capulet are regretful for Romeo and Juliet. If they could concern more about childrens emotions during the adolescence instead of feud and power, perhaps death would not happen.Marjorie Kolb Cox analysed Romeo and Juliet from a psychological aspect. Romeo and Juliet are at adolescence period. The audience is convinced wherefore some impulsive behaviours occur, why there are many fighting scenes in the play and why Romeo and Juliet fall in love so quickly. The death of Romeo and Juliet, as well as other characters, is a consequence of the effect from adolescence. There is no careful consideration for adolescents, and they are not aware of the responsibility. Cox makes readers focus on reasons behind the tragedy instead of a love story.BibliographyBelsey, Catherine. Romeo and Juliet language and writing. London Bloomsbury Arden Shak espeare, 2014. Print.Clark, Glenn. The Civil Mutinies of Romeo and Juliet.English Literary Renaissance. vol. 41, no. 2, 2011, pp. 280-300.Wiley Online Library. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.Cox, Majorie Kolb. Adolescence Process in Romeo and Juliet. Psychoanalytic review. vol. 63. no.3, 1976, pp. 379-392. ProQuest. Web. 29 Jan. 2017.Fletcher, George. Studies of Shakespeare in the Plays of King John, Cymbeline, Macbeth, As you like it, Much ado about nothing, Romeo and Juliet with Observations on the Criticism and the Acting of Those Plays. London Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847. Archive. Web. 28 Jan. 2017.Jeffery, Chris. What Kinds of play is Romeo and Juliet?Shakespeare in Southern Africa. vol. 28, 2016, pp. 51-72.EBSCO host. Web.29 Jan. 2017.Hager, Alan. Understanding Romeo and Juliet a student casebook to issues, sources, and historical documents. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1999. Google Book. Web. 29 Jan. 2017.Halio, Jay L. Romeo and Juliet a guide to the play. Westport, Conn. G reenwood Press, 1998. Print.Hartmann, Von. Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. (Book Review). The Journal of Speculative Philosophy. vol. 10, 1876, pp. 216-222. JSTOR. Web. 29 Jan. 2017.Herman, instrument C. Tragedy and the Crisis of Authority in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Intertexts. vol. 12, no. 1/2, 2008, pp. 89-109. EBSCO Host. Web. 28 Jan. 2017.Karaman, Hatice. The Mother, Who Is Not One Reflections Of Motherhood in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest, and The Taming of the Shrew. Gender Studies. Vol.13, no. 1, 2014, pp. 37-47. Research Gate. Web. 29 Jan. 2017.Hoppe, H. R.The mediocre quarto of Romeo and Juliet a bibliographical and textual study. Ithaca Cornell U Press, 1948. Print.Kakkonen, Gordana Gali, and Ana Penjak. The Nature of Gender Are Juliet, Desdemona and Cordelia to their Fathers as Nature is to Culture?Critical Survey. vol. 27, no. 1, 2015, pp. 18-35.EBSCO host. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.Kottman, capital of Minnesota A. Defying the Stars Tragic Love as the Strugg le for Freedom inRomeo and Juliet.Shakespeare Quarterly. vol. 63, no.1, 2012, pp. 1-38. Project Muse. Web. 29 Jan. 2017Lupton, Julia Reinhard. Response to Paul A. Kottman, Defying the Stars Tragic Love as the Struggle for Freedom inRomeo and Juliet.Shakespeare Quarterly. vol. 63, no. 1, 2012, pp. 39-45. Project Muse. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.Lupton, Julia Reinhard. Romeo and Juliet a critical reader. London Bloomsbury, 2016. Print.Minutella, Vincenza.Reclaiming Romeo and Juliet Italian translations for page, stage and screen. Amsterdam Rodopi, 2013. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.Mujahid, Maryam F. Romeo and Juliet a Tragedy of Love by Text why Targeted Penalties that Offer Front-end Severity and Back-end Leniency are Necessary to Remedy the Teenage Mass-Sexting Dilemma. Howard Law Journal. vol. 55, no. 1, 2011, pp. 173-204. HeinOnline. Web. 28 Jan. 2017.Snchez, Antonio Barcelona. Metaphorical models of romantic love in Romeo and Juliet.Journal of Pragmatics. vol. 24, no. 6, 1995, pp. 667-88. Science Direct. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.Sause, Birte. Love, death, and fortune central concepts in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Frankfurt am Main Peter Lang GmbH, 2013. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 28 Jan. 2017.Targoff, Ramie. Mortal Love ShakespearesRomeo and Julietand the Practice of join Burial.Representations. vol. 120, no. 1, 2012, pp. 17-38. JSTOR. Web. 30 Jan. 2017.

Sun Also Rises Essay -- essays research papers

The Lost of Self"One generation passeth away, the passage from Ecclesiates began, and another generation cometh further the hide out abideth forever. The sun also ariseh"(Baker 122). A Biblical reference forms the title of a novel by Ernest Hemingway during the 1920s, portraying the lives of the American expatriates living in Paris. His hold get laid in Paris has provided him the background for the novel as a depiction of the lost generation. Hemingways writing career began early he edited the high school composition and, after graduation, got a job as reporter on a local newspaper. After that he was turned down by the Kansas City draft boards. He wanted to get to Europe and managed to there by volunteering as an ambulance driver. After being wounded, he recalled that life slid from him, "like youd pull a silk hankie out of a pocket by a corner"(Villard 53), almost fluttered away, then returned. This was a period in his life when he became lost and searched to overcome his own suffering and test his courage. His experiences in finding himself provided the background for The Sun Also Rises, which is one of the most famous novel ever written about the lost generation. "It is Jakes narrative, his story, but behind Jake is Hemingway, the artist, manipulating the action"(Reynolds 73). Soon after the war, Hemingway married and he with his wife moved to Paris. There his bride gave him a letter of introduction to Gertrude Stein. When they met, she commented that "You are all a lost generation," acasual remark, yet one which became world famous after Hemingway used it as an epigraph to his first major novel, The Sun Also Rises.The full term lost generation means a great deal to Hemingways readers. It reflects the attitudes of the interwar generation, especially those of the literatures produced by the young writers of the time. These writers believed that their lives and hopes had been shattered by the war. They had been led down by a glory draw to death not for noble, patriotic ideas, but for the greedy, materialistic gains of the power groups. In his novels "Hemingway recorded the changes in the deterrent example atmospheric pressure. Home, family, church and family gave this war-wounded generation no moral support. The old valuelove, honor, duty, truthwere bankrupted by a war that systematically killed off a gener... ...hough nothing could have any consequences"(Hemingway 155). The people immensely have sex this rare freedom throughout the week.In conclusion, Hemingway, being a part of the lost generation, accurately reflected the values of the lost generation through the portrait of the characters in The Sun Also Rises. His experiences, which was considered to be reprobate at that time, provided him the basis for writing the novel. The behavior of the characters demonstrates their view of life, casting back to how World War I changed their values through demoralization. They lived an aimless and dissipating life. They had deep doubt of self that was projected through an unending pattern of debauchery. They tended to live in here and now, while future and other(prenominal) seemed remote and abstract. Their identities were through their lack of ambition and ego, with a desperation born of the fear of the truth. On the other hand, they test their courage by placing themselves in grave situations. These systems and values are illustrated through the depiction of the characters in The Sun Also Rises, "a sad story about smashed people whose lives are by and large beyond their own control"(Reynolds 73).